# Creating lists with various types of items

# List of integers
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(f"List of numbers: {numbers}, Type: {type(numbers)}")

# List of strings
names = ["Alexander", "Maria", "John", "Helen"]
print(f"List of names: {names}")

# List of mixed data types
mixed_list = [10, "Python", True, 3.14, None]
print(f"Mixed list: {mixed_list}")

# List with duplicate items
duplicate_items = [1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 4]
print(f"List with duplicates: {duplicate_items}")

# Creating an empty list
empty_list = []
print(f"Empty list: {empty_list}")

# Creating a list from an iterable (e.g., a string) using the list() constructor
word_to_list = list("Python")
print(f"Word to list of characters: {word_to_list}") # ['P', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']

# Accessing list items with indexing
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "pear"]

print(f"First fruit (index 0): {fruits[0]}")
print(f"Third fruit (index 2): {fruits[2]}")
print(f"Last fruit (index -1): {fruits[-1]}")
print(f"Second to last fruit (index -2): {fruits[-2]}")

# Note: If you try to access an index that does not exist, you will get an IndexError.
try:
    print(fruits[5]) # Will cause an IndexError
except IndexError:
    print("Error: Index 5 is out of bounds for the list.")

# Slicing a list
number_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]

print(f"From the 2nd to the 4th item (indices 1-3): {number_list[1:4]}")
print(f"From the beginning up to the 3rd item (indices 0-2): {number_list[:3]}")
print(f"From the 4th item (index 3) to the end: {number_list[3:]}")
print(f"The whole list (a copy): {number_list[:]}")
print(f"Reversed list: {number_list[::-1]}")
print(f"Every second item: {number_list[::2]}")

# Modifying a list
my_shopping_list = ["milk", "bread", "eggs"]
print(f"Initial list: {my_shopping_list}")

# Changing an item
my_shopping_list[1] = "cheese"
print(f"After changing bread to cheese: {my_shopping_list}")

# Adding items
my_shopping_list.append("fruits")
print(f"After append('fruits'): {my_shopping_list}")

my_shopping_list.insert(0, "coffee")
print(f"After insert(0, 'coffee'): {my_shopping_list}")

other_items = ["rice", "pasta"]
my_shopping_list.extend(other_items)
print(f"After extend(['rice', 'pasta']): {my_shopping_list}")

print("-" * 30)

# Removing items
my_shopping_list.remove("milk")
print(f"After remove('milk'): {my_shopping_list}")

last_removed_item = my_shopping_list.pop()
print(f"After pop() (removed '{last_removed_item}'): {my_shopping_list}")

removed_from_index = my_shopping_list.pop(1)
print(f"After pop(1) (removed '{removed_from_index}'): {my_shopping_list}")

del my_shopping_list[0]
print(f"After del my_shopping_list[0]: {my_shopping_list}")

print("-" * 30)

# Other methods
numbers_to_sort = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9]
print(f"Initial numbers to sort: {numbers_to_sort}")
numbers_to_sort.sort()
print(f"Sorted numbers: {numbers_to_sort}")

numbers_to_sort.reverse()
print(f"Reversed numbers: {numbers_to_sort}")

count_of_2 = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2].count(2)
print(f"The number 2 appears {count_of_2} times.")

index_of_8 = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9].index(8)
print(f"The index of 8 is: {index_of_8}")

my_shopping_list.clear()
print(f"After clear(): {my_shopping_list}")